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LambaesisLambaesis
الأربعاء 6 يناير - 9:21
Lambaesis
Lambaesis, or Lambaesa,
is a Roman ruin of Algeria, 7 m. S.E. of Batna
and 17 W. of Timgad, located next to the modern village of Tazoult-Lambese.
Remains: The
remains of the Roman town, and more especially of the Roman camp, in spite of
wanton vandalism, are among the most interesting ruins in northern Africa. The ruins are situated on the lower terraces of
the Aures Mountains,
and consist of triumphal arches
(one to Septimius Severus,
another to Commodus), temples, aqueducts, vestiges of an amphitheatre, baths and an immense quantity of masonry
belonging to private houses. To the north and east lie extensive cemeteries with the stones standing in their
original alignments; to the west is a similar area, from which, however, the
stones have been largely removed for building the modern village.
Of the temple of Aesculapius only one column is standing, though
in the middle of the 19th century its façade was entire. The capitol or temple dedicated to Jupiter, Juno
and Minerva, which has been cleared of debris, has
a portico with eight columns. On level ground about two-thirds of a
mile from the centre of the ancient town stands the camp, its site now partly
occupied by the penitentiary and its gardens. It measures 1640 ft. N. to S. by 1476 ft. E. to W, and in
the middle rise the ruins of a building commonly called, but incorrectly, the praetorium. This noble
building, which dates from A.D. 268, is 92 ft. long by 66 ft. broad and 49 ft. high; its southern
façade has a splendid peristyle half the height
of the wall, consisting of a front row of massive Ionic columns and an engaged row of Corinthian pilasters.
Behind this building
(which was roofed), is a large court giving access to other buildings, one
being the arsenal. In it have been found many thousands of
projectiles. To the S.E. are the remains of the
baths. The ruins of both city and camp have yielded many inscriptions (Renier edited 1500, and there are 4185 in the Corpus Inscr.
Lat. vol. viii.); and, though a very large proportion are epitaphs of the barest kind, the more important
pieces supply an outline of the history of the place. Over 2500 inscriptions
relating to the camp have been deciphered. In a museum in the village are
objects of antiquity discovered in the vicinity. Besides inscriptions, statues,
&c., are some fine mosaics found in 1905
near the arch of Septimius Severus.
The statues include those of Aesculapius and Hygieia, taken from the temple of Aesculapius.
About 2 m. S. of Lambessa are the
ruins of Markuna, the ancient Verecunda, including two
triumphal arches.
History
Lambaesa was a
military foundation. The camp of the third legion (Legio III. Augusta),
to which it owes its origin, appears to have been established between AD. 123
and 129, in the time of Hadrian, whose address to his soldiers was found
inscribed on a pillar in a second camp to the west of the great
camp still extant. By 166 mention is made of the decurions of a vicus, 10 curiae
of which are known by name; and the vicus became a municipium probably at the time when it was
made the capital of the newly founded province of Numidia. The legion was removed by Gordianus, but restored by
Valerianus and Gallienus; and its final departure did not take
place till after 392. The town soon afterwards declined. It never
became the seat of a bishop, and no Christian inscriptions have been found among the
ruins.
Lambaesis, or Lambaesa,
is a Roman ruin of Algeria, 7 m. S.E. of Batna
and 17 W. of Timgad, located next to the modern village of Tazoult-Lambese.
Remains: The
remains of the Roman town, and more especially of the Roman camp, in spite of
wanton vandalism, are among the most interesting ruins in northern Africa. The ruins are situated on the lower terraces of
the Aures Mountains,
and consist of triumphal arches
(one to Septimius Severus,
another to Commodus), temples, aqueducts, vestiges of an amphitheatre, baths and an immense quantity of masonry
belonging to private houses. To the north and east lie extensive cemeteries with the stones standing in their
original alignments; to the west is a similar area, from which, however, the
stones have been largely removed for building the modern village.
Of the temple of Aesculapius only one column is standing, though
in the middle of the 19th century its façade was entire. The capitol or temple dedicated to Jupiter, Juno
and Minerva, which has been cleared of debris, has
a portico with eight columns. On level ground about two-thirds of a
mile from the centre of the ancient town stands the camp, its site now partly
occupied by the penitentiary and its gardens. It measures 1640 ft. N. to S. by 1476 ft. E. to W, and in
the middle rise the ruins of a building commonly called, but incorrectly, the praetorium. This noble
building, which dates from A.D. 268, is 92 ft. long by 66 ft. broad and 49 ft. high; its southern
façade has a splendid peristyle half the height
of the wall, consisting of a front row of massive Ionic columns and an engaged row of Corinthian pilasters.
Behind this building
(which was roofed), is a large court giving access to other buildings, one
being the arsenal. In it have been found many thousands of
projectiles. To the S.E. are the remains of the
baths. The ruins of both city and camp have yielded many inscriptions (Renier edited 1500, and there are 4185 in the Corpus Inscr.
Lat. vol. viii.); and, though a very large proportion are epitaphs of the barest kind, the more important
pieces supply an outline of the history of the place. Over 2500 inscriptions
relating to the camp have been deciphered. In a museum in the village are
objects of antiquity discovered in the vicinity. Besides inscriptions, statues,
&c., are some fine mosaics found in 1905
near the arch of Septimius Severus.
The statues include those of Aesculapius and Hygieia, taken from the temple of Aesculapius.
About 2 m. S. of Lambessa are the
ruins of Markuna, the ancient Verecunda, including two
triumphal arches.
History
Lambaesa was a
military foundation. The camp of the third legion (Legio III. Augusta),
to which it owes its origin, appears to have been established between AD. 123
and 129, in the time of Hadrian, whose address to his soldiers was found
inscribed on a pillar in a second camp to the west of the great
camp still extant. By 166 mention is made of the decurions of a vicus, 10 curiae
of which are known by name; and the vicus became a municipium probably at the time when it was
made the capital of the newly founded province of Numidia. The legion was removed by Gordianus, but restored by
Valerianus and Gallienus; and its final departure did not take
place till after 392. The town soon afterwards declined. It never
became the seat of a bishop, and no Christian inscriptions have been found among the
ruins.
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